You can appeal a decision about your entitlement to benefits, for example Personal Independence Payment ( PIP ), Employment and Support Allowance ( ESA ) or Universal Credit. Before you appeal Before you can appeal, you usually need to ask for the decision about your benefits to be looked at again . This is called ‘mandatory reconsideration’. You’ll need to provide your mandatory reconsideration notice when applying. If you do not need a mandatory reconsideration your decision letter will say why. Include this explanation when you submit your appeal. Appeal online You’ll need: your National Insurance number the details of the representative helping with your appeal (if you’re using one) your mandatory reconsideration notice (or the reason you did not need to have a mandatory reconsideration - this is in your decision letter) You’ll need to choose whether you want to go to the tribunal hearing to explain your appeal in person. If you do not attend, your appeal will be decided on your appeal form and any supporting evidence you provide. Start now Continue with an existing appeal Sign in to continue with your saved benefit appeal application . If you need help appealing online Who you contact depends on the type of help you need. If you’re having technical issues or need guidance about how to appeal You can use the web chat in the service to get help. You can only access the web chat if you’re using Google Chrome , Mozilla Firefox or Apple Safari . If you cannot access the web chat, contact the benefit appeals helpline listed at the end of this page. If you do not have access to the internet or do not feel confident using it We Are Group support@wearegroup.com Telephone: 03300 160 051 Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm Closed on bank holidays Text FORM to 60777 and someone will call you back Find out about call charges Appealing by post Use form SSCS1 to appeal a benefits decision by post , except if it’s related to a Vaccine Damage Payment. Use form SSCS2 to appeal a Child Maintenance decision by post . You cannot appeal a Child Maintenance decision online. Use form SSCS5 to appeal an HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) decision by post . You cannot appeal an HMRC decision online. Use form SSCS7 to appeal a decision about a Vaccine Damage Payment by post . Appoint someone to help with your appeal You can appoint someone as a ‘representative’ to help you with your appeal. A representative can: help you submit your appeal or prepare your evidence act on your behalf give you advice Anyone can be a representative, including friends and family. You might also be able to find a representative through a local library or from an organisation in your area that gives advice on claiming benefits, such as Citizens Advice . Your representative will have permission to act on your behalf, for example to respond to letters. They’ll be sent all the information about your appeal, including any medical evidence. To register a representative, you can either: name your representative when you submit your appeal register a representative at any point after you submit your appeal Write to HM Courts and Tribunals Service ( HMCTS ) Benefit Appeals to register a representative after you submit your appeal. If you live in England or Wales, write to: HMCTS Benefit Appeals PO Box 12626 Harlow CM20 9QF If you live in Scotland, write to: HMCTS Benefit Appeals PO Box 13150 Harlow CM20 9TT Contact the benefit appeals helpline The helpline can help if you have questions about appealing a benefit decision. Benefit appeals helpline (England and Wales) contactsscs@justice.gov.uk Telephone: 0300 123 1142 Monday to Friday, 9am to 4pm Find out about call charges Benefit appeals helpline (for Welsh speakers) Telephone: 0300 303 5170 Monday to Friday, 8.30am to 5pm Find out about call charges Benefit appeals helpline (Scotland) SSCSA-Glasgow@justice.gov.uk Telephone: 0300 790 6234 Monday to Friday, 8:30am to 5pm Find out about call charges

What happens at the hearing

Submit any evidence as soon as possible before the hearing so the tribunal has time to read it. Evidence will usually be shared with all parties, including your representative (if you’re using one). A judge and one or two experts will make a decision about the case. Who the experts are depends on what benefit you’re appealing. The judge and experts are impartial and independent of government. The tribunal must follow the rules in the Tribunal Procedure (First-tier Tribunal) (Social Entitlement Chamber) Rules 2008 . If you attend the hearing You’ll have the opportunity to explain your appeal. You’ll be asked questions about your condition or circumstances by the judge or the experts. The department that made the original decision may also be at the hearing. They may ask questions, but they’re not part of the tribunal and do not decide the result of the appeal. If you or your representative is outside the UK and wants to give live video or audio evidence, contact the tribunal to request it. Tell the tribunal what country you or your representative is in and what type of evidence is being given. You must do this as soon as possible. You can get support during the hearing, for example an interpreter, hearing loop or accessible tribunal room. You can request support when you make an appeal. You cannot use your own interpreter during the hearing. Claiming expenses You may be able to claim for reasonable expenses for going to the tribunal, for example: travel expenses to cover your fare if you get there using public transport travel expenses of 12p per mile if you drive, plus 2p per mile for up to 2 passengers meals - £4.25 if you’re away for more than 5 hours, £9.30 for more than 10 hours or £13.55 for more than 12 hours loss of earnings - £38.96 if you’re away from work for up to 4 hours or £75.59 for 4 hours or more care expenses up to the National Minimum Wage , for example for a childminder The clerk will help you fill in a claim form when you go to the hearing. You’ll need to include proof, for example: receipts a letter from your employer for loss of earnings

If you're unhappy with the tribunal's decision

You may be able to: get a decision cancelled (‘set aside’) appeal to the Upper Tribunal (Administrative Appeals Chamber) Your decision letter has more information. Get a decision set aside You’ll be told how to get a decision set aside (cancelled) if you think there’s been a mistake in the process. You can then start the appeal process again so a new decision can be made. Contact Citizens Advice if you need help. Appeal to the Upper Tribunal Administrative Appeals Chamber You can only appeal to the Upper Tribunal (Administrative Appeals Chamber) if you think the decision was wrong for a legal reason, for example, if the tribunal did not: give proper reasons for its decision, or back up the decision with facts apply the law properly You may be able to get legal aid when you appeal to the Upper Tribunal (Administrative Appeals Chamber) - this can help pay for legal advice. Contact Citizens Advice if you need help. You must then follow 3 steps. Ask the Social Security and Child Support Tribunal for full written reasons (known as a ‘statement of reasons’) within one month of the date of the decision. The decision letter will tell you how to do this. Ask the Social Security and Child Support Tribunal for permission to appeal to the Upper Tribunal (Administrative Appeals Chamber). If the Social Security and Child Support Tribunal refuses, ask the Upper Tribunal (Administrative Appeals Chamber) for permission to appeal.

Appeal a benefit decision

Overview

You can appeal a decision about your entitlement to benefits, for example Personal Independence Payment (PIP), Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) and Universal Credit.

There’s a different process if you live in Northern Ireland or you want to appeal a decision made by Social Security Scotland.

Appeals are decided by the Social Security and Child Support Tribunal who are supported by HM Courts and Tribunals Service (HMCTS). The tribunal is impartial and independent of government.

The tribunal will listen to both sides before making a decision.

This guide is also available in Welsh (Cymraeg).

Before you appeal

Before you can appeal, you usually need to ask for the decision about your benefits to be looked at again. This is called ‘mandatory reconsideration’.

Your decision letter will say if you can appeal straight away and do not need to ask for mandatory reconsideration.

How to appeal

It’s free to appeal a benefit decision.

Appeal to the tribunal within one month of getting your mandatory reconsideration decision. If you start your appeal after a month you’ll have to explain why you did not do it earlier. Your appeal might not be accepted.

After you submit your appeal, you can manage your appeal online and provide evidence to the tribunal. Your appeal will be decided at a tribunal hearing.

Benefit decisions you can appeal

You can appeal a decision about:

30 hours free childcare scheme
Attendance Allowance
Bereavement Support Payment
Carer’s Allowance
Child Benefit
Child Support or Child Maintenance
Compensation Recovery Unit
Contracted Out Employment Group
Disability Living Allowance (DLA)
Disability Working Allowance
Employment and Support Allowance (ESA)
Funeral Expenses Payment
Guardian’s Allowance
Health in Pregnancy Grant
Home Responsibilities Protection
Incapacity Benefit
Income Support
Industrial Death Benefit
Industrial Injuries Disablement Benefit
Jobseeker’s Allowance
Maternity Allowance
National Insurance credits
Pension Credit
Personal Independence Payment (PIP)
Retirement Pension
Severe Disablement Allowance
Sure Start Maternity Grant
Tax credits
Tax-Free Childcare
Universal Credit
Winter Fuel Payment
Vaccine Damage Payment

Check any letters you’ve received about your benefit if you do not know the exact name.

Get help and advice

You can get free help and advice from:

You can also seek advice from a legal adviser or solicitor.

View a printable version of the whole guide

Step 1 Find support and advice
You can get free support and advice from:
1. You can also seek advice from a legal adviser or solicitor
Step 2 Ask for mandatory reconsideration
1. Ask for the benefits decision to be looked at again (mandatory reconsideration)
You normally need to do this within one month of the date on your decision letter.
Step 3 Appeal the decision to a tribunal
If you’re unhappy with the decision after mandatory reconsideration, you can appeal it to a tribunal.
1. You are currently viewing: Appeal to the Social Security and Child Support Tribunal
Step 4 Ask for the tribunal's decision to be 'set aside' (cancelled)

If you disagree with the decision, you can ask for it to be set aside (cancelled). The decision letter from the tribunal will tell you how to do this.
or Appeal the tribunal's decision
If you think the decision was wrong for a legal reason, you can appeal to the Upper Tribunal.
1. Appeal to the Upper Tribunal (Administrative Appeals Chamber)
and Check if you can get legal aid
You may be eligible for legal aid to help you appeal to the Upper Tribunal.
1. Check if you can get legal aid

Appeal a benefit decision

Overview

Before you appeal

How to appeal

Benefit decisions you can appeal

Get help and advice

Step 1 Find support and advice

Step 2 Ask for mandatory reconsideration

Step 3 Appeal the decision to a tribunal

Step 4 Ask for the tribunal's decision to be 'set aside' (cancelled)

or Appeal the tribunal's decision

and Check if you can get legal aid

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Appeal a benefit decision

Overview

Before you appeal

How to appeal

Benefit decisions you can appeal

Get help and advice

Part of Challenge and appeal a benefit decision: step by step

Step 1: Find support and advice

Step 2: Ask for mandatory reconsideration

Step 3: Appeal the decision to a tribunal

Step 4: Ask for the tribunal's decision to be 'set aside' (cancelled)

or Appeal the tribunal's decision

and Check if you can get legal aid

Is this page useful?

Help us improve GOV.UK

Help us improve GOV.UK

Step 1 Find support and advice

Step 2 Ask for mandatory reconsideration

Step 3 Appeal the decision to a tribunal

Step 4 Ask for the tribunal's decision to be 'set aside' (cancelled)